Friday, September 08, 2006
Severe pseudomonal infections.
Severe pseudomonal infections.
Oct. 2006
Mutlu GM,
Wunderink RG.
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the most recent data on severe Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. The focus will be on clinical studies with an emphasis on the critically ill.
RECENT FINDINGS: The frequency of P. aeruginosa as the etiologic agent of infections associated with high morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients continues to increase. Unfortunately, pan-resistant isolates are now emerging as a significant clinical problem. Highly or pan-resistant isolates are associated with more frequent inappropriate initial therapy and increased mortality. Prevention relies on limitation of antibiotic pressure. Unfortunately, antibiotic class rotation has not resulted in persistent decreases in resistant isolates and the increased use of treatment protocols may actually increase selection.
SUMMARY: Because of the frequency of antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa and the high associated mortality, combination, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy should be used for empiric coverage of suspected P. aeruginosa infections. Accurate diagnostic testing can help to discontinue unnecessary antibiotics and decrease the overall selective pressure. Increasing resistance without new antibiotic classes on the horizon suggests the need for better use of available antibiotics and an emphasis on innovative treatment strategies in the future.
PMID: 16943726 [PubMed - in process]
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Update on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii infections in the healthcare setting.
Navon-Venezia S,
Ben-Ami R,
Carmeli Y.
Divisions of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii are of great concern for hospitalized patients, especially with multidrug-resistant strains. This review focuses on recent data that may help us to understand the emergence, spread, and persistence of antibiotic resistance, and summarizes the optional treatment feasible for these resistant bacteria.
RECENT FINDINGS: Multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii are increasingly causing nosocomial infections; multidrug-resistant clones are spreading into new geographic areas, and susceptible strains are acquiring resistance genes. New extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases are emerging, leading to pan-resistant strains. Current studies focus on the effect of antibiotics on gene expression in P. aeruginosa biofilms and their contribution to resistance to therapy. Treatment options for multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii infections are limited in most cases to carbapenems. Sulbactam is a treatment option for pan-resistant A. baumannii, and or renewed use of an old drug, colistin, is being entertained for pan-resistant A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa. Immunotherapy is a promising new modality being explored. Prevention of emergence of resistance through combination therapy and pharmacokinetic strategies are studied.
SUMMARY: The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii and their genetic potential to carry and transfer diverse antibiotic resistance determinants pose a major threat in hospitals. The complex interplay of clonal spread, persistence, transfer of resistance elements, and cell-cell interaction contribute to the difficulty in treating infections caused by these multidrug-resistant strains. In the absence of new antibiotic agents, new modalities of treatment should be developed.
PMID: 15985826 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-----------
Related Abstracts:
-----------
The emergence of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter species: a major concern in the hospital setting.
Bloodstream infections caused by antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacilli: risk factors for mortality and impact of inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy on outcome.
Treatment and control of severe infections caused by multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia.
Oct. 2006
Mutlu GM,
Wunderink RG.
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the most recent data on severe Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. The focus will be on clinical studies with an emphasis on the critically ill.
RECENT FINDINGS: The frequency of P. aeruginosa as the etiologic agent of infections associated with high morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients continues to increase. Unfortunately, pan-resistant isolates are now emerging as a significant clinical problem. Highly or pan-resistant isolates are associated with more frequent inappropriate initial therapy and increased mortality. Prevention relies on limitation of antibiotic pressure. Unfortunately, antibiotic class rotation has not resulted in persistent decreases in resistant isolates and the increased use of treatment protocols may actually increase selection.
SUMMARY: Because of the frequency of antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa and the high associated mortality, combination, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy should be used for empiric coverage of suspected P. aeruginosa infections. Accurate diagnostic testing can help to discontinue unnecessary antibiotics and decrease the overall selective pressure. Increasing resistance without new antibiotic classes on the horizon suggests the need for better use of available antibiotics and an emphasis on innovative treatment strategies in the future.
PMID: 16943726 [PubMed - in process]
------------
Update on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii infections in the healthcare setting.
Navon-Venezia S,
Ben-Ami R,
Carmeli Y.
Divisions of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii are of great concern for hospitalized patients, especially with multidrug-resistant strains. This review focuses on recent data that may help us to understand the emergence, spread, and persistence of antibiotic resistance, and summarizes the optional treatment feasible for these resistant bacteria.
RECENT FINDINGS: Multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii are increasingly causing nosocomial infections; multidrug-resistant clones are spreading into new geographic areas, and susceptible strains are acquiring resistance genes. New extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases are emerging, leading to pan-resistant strains. Current studies focus on the effect of antibiotics on gene expression in P. aeruginosa biofilms and their contribution to resistance to therapy. Treatment options for multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii infections are limited in most cases to carbapenems. Sulbactam is a treatment option for pan-resistant A. baumannii, and or renewed use of an old drug, colistin, is being entertained for pan-resistant A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa. Immunotherapy is a promising new modality being explored. Prevention of emergence of resistance through combination therapy and pharmacokinetic strategies are studied.
SUMMARY: The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii and their genetic potential to carry and transfer diverse antibiotic resistance determinants pose a major threat in hospitals. The complex interplay of clonal spread, persistence, transfer of resistance elements, and cell-cell interaction contribute to the difficulty in treating infections caused by these multidrug-resistant strains. In the absence of new antibiotic agents, new modalities of treatment should be developed.
PMID: 15985826 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-----------
Related Abstracts:
-----------
The emergence of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter species: a major concern in the hospital setting.
Bloodstream infections caused by antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacilli: risk factors for mortality and impact of inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy on outcome.
Treatment and control of severe infections caused by multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia.
# posted by Pat O'Connor @ 5:19 AM 
